Present Perfect Tense in Hindi

Hi, learners! After a long time I am writing this article. Today you are going to learn use of Present Perfect Tense in Hindi language. I hope you will learn something new.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

AASANN BHOOT KAAL / आसन्न भूत काल

The present perfect tense is a tense of the past. It represents a completed act, the effect of which is still present. It brings a past act into relation with the present. In other words, it denotes an action concluded recently e.g. I have drunk the water/maine paani piya hai / मैंने पानी पिया है or main paani pee chukka/chuki hoon/ मैं पानी पी चुका/चुकी हूँ।  ‘Drunk’/पिया/पी चुका/चुकी shows that the action was over in the past. ‘Have’ indicates that it is recent past. So we have to use both past tense and present tense symbols.

1.  For more information please see past indefinite tense.

2. Add present tense symbols hoon/ho/hai/hain according to subject.

3. Add hai/है or hain/हैं according to the number of the object.

4. Ne/ने will be added to subject.

5. It  shows eaten/drunk/gone/slept/khaya/peeya/gaya/soya/chukka/chuki/chukey/खाया/पीय/गया/चुकी/       चुके in the end.

Examples/उदाहरण:

1. Ravi has come here.

   Ravi yahan aaya hai/ Ravi yahan aa chukka hai./ रवि यहाँ आया है/ रवि यहाँ आ चुका है।

    Aaya/aa chukka /आया/ आ चुका is past tense and hai/है is present tense. Hence it is

    present  perfect tense. We use hai/है because it stands for 3rd person.

2. Ritu has written an essay.

    Ritu ne ek patr likha hai./ रितु ने एक पत्र लिखा है।

3. I have gone there.

    Main wahan ja chukka hoon./ मैं वहाँ जा चुका हूँ।

4. He has beaten his younger brother.

    Usne apne chote bhai ko peeta hai./उसने अपने छोटे भाई को पीटा है।

5.  Mother has prepared Maggie for us.

     Mata ji ne humare liye Maggie banayee thee./माता जी ने हमारे लिए मैगी बनायी है।

   

Vocabulary/शब्दकोष:

To come-aana/आना, to write- likhna/लिखना, to go-jana/जाना, to beat-peetna/पीटना, to prepare-     banana/taeyyar karna/बनाना/तैयार करना

    

Thank you/dhanyavaad/धन्यवाद!

Keep practicing/phir milenge/फिर मिलेंगे!

Past Continuous Tense

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

APOORNA BHOOT KAAL/अपूर्ण भूत काल

The past continuous tense indicates an action that was going on in the past at a particular time. The completion of that action, however, is not known for sure.

Sentences in past continuous tense are formed by adding raha/rahe/rahi/रहा/रहे/रही  to the the verb ( as present continuous tense) according to the gender and number of the subject and then by adding the appropriate past tense indicator tha/they/thee/था/थे/थी.

Examples/udaharan/उदाहरण:

1.  I was eating the food.
     Main khana kha raha tha. / मैं खाना खा रहा था।

2. You were shopping in the shopping mall.
    Tum shopping mall main kharidaari kar rahe they./ तुम शॉपिंग मॉल में ख़रीदारी कर रहे थे।

3. Why Rohan  was laughing at that time?
    Rohan tab kyon hans raha tha? /  रोहन तब क्यों हँस रहा था?

4. Cool breeze was blowing slowly.
    Thandi hawa dheere dheere chal rahi thee. / ठंडी हवा धीरे धीरे चल रही थी।

5.  Sheela was watching a football match yesterday.
     Sheela kal football match dekh rahi the. / शीला कल फुटबॉल मैच देख रही थी।

Vocabulary / शब्दकोश

to eat- khana/खाना  , to shop-kharidaari karna/ख़रीदारी करना, to laugh- hansna/हँसना, to blow- chalna/behna/चलना/बहना, to watch-dekhna/देखना

Keep practicing!!

Will meet again /Phir milenge / फिर मिलेंगे!

Months And Seasons Names In Hindi

Hi learners! As days names are important as months names in Hindi language also important.  It shows it’s extensiveness because when we talk with somebody regarding months names, it’s knowledge is very essential. There are two types of calender in India which we use . One is English calender and other one is Hindu calender. Generally people use English calender in daily purpose in India but Hindi calender has different names. so I have gathered information for you guys.

Months names according to English calender

जनवरी
Janvary
January

फरवरी
Farvary
February

मार्च
March
March

अप्रैल
April
April

मई
May
May

जून
June
June

जुलाई
July
July

अगस्त
August
August

सितम्बर
Sitambar
September

अक्तूबर
October
Octubar

नवम्बर
Navambar
November

दिसम्बर
December
December

Months names according to Hindu calender

1. Chaitra (चैत्र, चैत)
2. Vaishākh (वैशाख, बैसाख)
3. Jyaishtha (ज्येष्ठ, जेठ)
4. Āshādha (आषाढ, आषाढ़)
5. Shrāvana (श्रावण, सावन)
6. Bhaadra or, Bhādrapad (भाद्रपद, भादो)
7. Āshwin (आश्विन)
8. Kārtik (कार्तिक)
9. Agrahayana or, Mārgashīrsha (मार्गशीर्ष, अगहन)
10. Paush (पौष)
11. Māgh (माघ)
12. Phālgun(फाल्गुन)

Indian is a country of various seasons. There are four seasons in a year like spring, summer, autumn and winter. here I am going to show you the list of seasons wise months

Spring/basant/बसंत	March	April	May
Summer/garmi/गर्मी	June	July	August
Autumn/patjhad/पतझड़	September	October	November
Winter/sardi/सर्दी	December	January	February

Keep practicing!!

Will meet again/Phir milenge/फिर मिलेंगे। 

Present Continuous Tense/Tatkalic Vartmaan kaal

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE/TATKALIC VARTMAAN KAAL
तात्कालिक वर्तमान काल

When a wok has started and is continuing at present eg. I am going. The process is indicating by using raha/rahe/rahi/रहा/रहे/रही between verb (e.g. aa/आ) and the appropriate tense indicator hoon/ho/hai/hain/हूँ/हो/है/हैं.

Raha/रहा is used if the subject is masculine singular.
Rahe/रहे is used if the subject is masculine plural or a respected male.
Rahi/रही is used if the subject is feminine.
To donate negative, nahin/नहीं is put before verb.

Subject	Verb/action	Masculine + ing	Feminine + ing	Present tense
Main/मैं	jaa/जा	raha/रहा	rahi/रही	hoon/हूँ
Tum/तुम	jaa/जा	rahe/रहे	rahi/रही	ho/हो
Yeh/यह	jaa/जा	raha/रहा	rahi/रही	hai/है
Veh/वह	jaa/जा	raha/रहा	rahi/रही	Hai/है
Hum/हम	jaa/जा	rahe/रहे		hain/हैं
Aap/आप	jaa/जा	rahe/रहे	rahi/रही	hain/हैं
Ye/ये	jaa/जा	rahe/रहे	rahi/रही	hain/हैं
Ve/वे	jaa/जा	rahe/rahe	rahi/रही	hain/हैं

Translation of sentences :

1. All masculine plurals have same ending with rahe hain/रही हैं.
2. All feminine subjects end with rahi hai/hain/है/हैं .
3. All feminine plurals have same ending with hain/हैं.

1. I am going to delhi today.
Main aaj dilli ja raha hoon./मैं आज दिल्ली जा रहा हूँ।

2. What are you eating?
Tum kya kha rahe ho?/तुम क्या खा रहे हो?

3. Why is that boy crying?
Veh baccha kyon ro raha hai?/वह बच्चा क्यो रो रहा है?

4. I am watching TV.
Main tv dekh rahi hoon./मैं टीवी देख रही हूँ।

5. Shivani is eating the food.
Shivani khana kha rahi hai./शिवानी खाना खा रही है।

6. You are not listening to my talk.
Aap meri baatein nahin sun rahi ho./आप मेरी बातें नहीं सुन रही हो।

7. Those devotees are bathing is Ganga.
Ve bhakt ganga main naha rahe hain./वे भक्त गंगा में नहा रहे हैं।

Vocabulary
To go- jana/जाना , to eat – khana/खाना , to cry – rona/रोना, to watch- dekhna/देखना, to listen- sunna/सुनना, to bath- nahana/नहाना .

Use Of ‘Be’ Verb In Present Tense

USE OF ‘BE’ VERB IN PRESENT TENSE (वर्तमानकाल में ‘होना’ क्रिया का प्रयोग)

Singular (एकवचन)

I am                                                     Main hoon/ मैं हूँ

You are                                                Tum ho/ तुम हो

He/She/It is                                          Veh/yeh hai/ वह /यह है

Plural (बहुवचन)

We are                                                Hum hain/ हम हैं

You are                                                Aap hain/  आप हैं

These/Those/They are                       Ye/vo/ve hain/ ये/वो/वे हैं

• All plural have same ending with hain/ हैं.
• To show negative, use nahin/ नहीं. It comes before verb
• Though main/ मैं means I, while talking, a person may use hum/ हम. Particularly writers and people in power tend to use Hum/ हम  instead of main / मैं.
• Though aap/ye/ve/ आप/ये/वे are used for plural, however, if they are used to point out to a respectable person, can be used as for singular also.
• Yeh/veh/  यह/वह are can be used as ye/ve/ ये/वे.

Translation of sentences

I am Mohan.
Main Mohan hoon./ मैं मोहन हूँ।

You are Deepa.
Tum Deepa ho./ तुम दीपा हो।

This is an apple.
Yeh ek seb hai./ यह एक सेब है।

Who are you?
Tum kaun ho?/ तुम कौन हो?

Are you Ravi?
Kya tum Ravi ho?/ क्या तुम रवि हो?

We are Indians.
Hum bhartiye hain./ हम भारतीय हैं।

They are Sunita,Monika and Ruchi.
Ve Sunita, Monika aur Ruchi hain./ वे सुनीता, मोनिका और रुची हैं।

That is a table.
Veh ek mej hai./  वह एक मेज है।

How are you all?
Aap sab kaise hain./ आप सब कैसे हैं?

You are a student.
Tum ek chaatra ho./ तुम एक छात्र हो।

Present Indefinite Tense

Learners! I always feel when we don’t know how to translate the sentence in other language like Hindi then it is so difficult to find it’s answer. I am thinking that I should teach you how to translate the English sentence to Hindi, so we will start it with simple present tense. In this article you will learn the translations from English to Hindi.

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE /SAMANYA VARTMAAN KAAL

सामान्य वर्तमान काल

The present Indefinite tense, known as simple present tense, indicate an action in the present, an action taking place now. e.g. I play, You run, It runs, They eat, She sings etc.

In Hindi, the indefinite is formed by adding the suffix ता, ते, or ती according to the gender and number of subject.

And sentence ended with हूँ, हो, हैं, है.

Subject           Verb        Masculine         Feminine      Present tense

Main/ मैं           kha/खा        ta/ता              tee/ती           hoon/ हूँ

Tum/ तुम          kha/खा        te/ते               tee/ती           ho/ हो

Yeh,veh/ यह, वह    kha/खा        ta/ता              tee/ ती           hai/ है

Hum,aap/ हम, आप  kha/खा        te/ते                               hain/ हैं

ye,ve/ ये, वे        kha/खा        te/ते                               hain/ हैं

Note:-

1.    All masculine plural have same suffix te / ते  added to the verb root.

2.    All feminine subjects take the same suffix tee/ ती added to the verb root.

3.    All plural, both masculine and feminine, have the same present tense indicator hain/ हैं.

4.    The negative nahin/ नहीं  will come before verb.

5.    If the subject is feminine plural and if nahin/ नहीं is used, then the verb takes a dot above e.g. Girls do not play- ladkiyaan nahin khelti hain/ लड़कियां नहीं खेलती हैं।

6.    Women mostly use hum/ हम  instead of main/ मैं  for singular in India. When they use hum/ हम they end the sentence with masculine plural verb instead of feminine verb. Thus, instead of saying main khhati hoon/ मैं खाती हूँ, a modern woman will say hum khaatey hain/ हम खाते हैं. For plual also they say hum khaate hain/ हम खाते हैं।

.

According to English grammar, sentence is the combination of  

Subject + verb / Action + object

Lets take an example-

I drink the milk.

I (subject) + drink (verb /action) + milk (object)

This is the universal pattern of English grammar.

Now there is a little bit difference in Hindi.

Subject + object + verb/action

I             + milk     + drink

Main        doodh     peeta hoon.

Other examples:

 1.   When does the baby sleep?

 Bachha kab sota hai? बच्चा कब सोता है?

 2. We purchase the fruits from the market.

 Hum jaj baajar se fal khareedte hai हम रोज बाजार से फ़ल खरीदते हैं।

         3.  They speak the truth always.

             Ve hamesha sach bolte hai. वे हमेशा सच बोलते हैं।

         4.  The sun rises from the east.

             Suraj poorva disha se nikalta hai. सूरज पूर्व दिशा से निकलता है।

         5.  Whom do you write the letter?

       Tum kisko patra likhte ho? तुम किसको पत्र लिखते हो?

 6. I don't play in the night.
    Main raat main nahin khelti. मैं रात में नहीं खेलती।  

 7. That old lady sells vegetables in the market.
    Veh boodhi aurat baajar main sabjiyaan bechti hai. वह बूढी औरत बाजार में सब्जियां        बेचती हैं. 

Vocabulary / शब्दकोष 

to sleep - sona/सोना, to purchase - khareedna/ख़रीदना, to speak- bolna/बोलना, to rise - nikalna/ugna/निकलना/उगना, to write / likhna / लिखना, to play-khelna/खेलना, to sell- bechna/बेचना,   

If you like this article please post your comments in the comment section.