Present Indefinite Tense

Learners! I always feel when we don’t know how to translate the sentence in other language like Hindi then it is so difficult to find it’s answer. I am thinking that I should teach you how to translate the English sentence to Hindi, so we will start it with simple present tense. In this article you will learn the translations from English to Hindi.

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE /SAMANYA VARTMAAN KAAL

सामान्य वर्तमान काल

The present Indefinite tense, known as simple present tense, indicate an action in the present, an action taking place now. e.g. I play, You run, It runs, They eat, She sings etc.

In Hindi, the indefinite is formed by adding the suffix ता, ते, or ती according to the gender and number of subject.

And sentence ended with हूँ, हो, हैं, है.

Subject           Verb        Masculine         Feminine      Present tense

Main/ मैं           kha/खा        ta/ता              tee/ती           hoon/ हूँ

Tum/ तुम          kha/खा        te/ते               tee/ती           ho/ हो

Yeh,veh/ यह, वह    kha/खा        ta/ता              tee/ ती           hai/ है

Hum,aap/ हम, आप  kha/खा        te/ते                               hain/ हैं

ye,ve/ ये, वे        kha/खा        te/ते                               hain/ हैं

Note:-

1.    All masculine plural have same suffix te / ते  added to the verb root.

2.    All feminine subjects take the same suffix tee/ ती added to the verb root.

3.    All plural, both masculine and feminine, have the same present tense indicator hain/ हैं.

4.    The negative nahin/ नहीं  will come before verb.

5.    If the subject is feminine plural and if nahin/ नहीं is used, then the verb takes a dot above e.g. Girls do not play- ladkiyaan nahin khelti hain/ लड़कियां नहीं खेलती हैं।

6.    Women mostly use hum/ हम  instead of main/ मैं  for singular in India. When they use hum/ हम they end the sentence with masculine plural verb instead of feminine verb. Thus, instead of saying main khhati hoon/ मैं खाती हूँ, a modern woman will say hum khaatey hain/ हम खाते हैं. For plual also they say hum khaate hain/ हम खाते हैं।

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According to English grammar, sentence is the combination of  

Subject + verb / Action + object

Lets take an example-

I drink the milk.

I (subject) + drink (verb /action) + milk (object)

This is the universal pattern of English grammar.

Now there is a little bit difference in Hindi.

Subject + object + verb/action

I             + milk     + drink

Main        doodh     peeta hoon.

Other examples:

 1.   When does the baby sleep?

 Bachha kab sota hai? बच्चा कब सोता है?

 2. We purchase the fruits from the market.

 Hum jaj baajar se fal khareedte hai हम रोज बाजार से फ़ल खरीदते हैं।

         3.  They speak the truth always.

             Ve hamesha sach bolte hai. वे हमेशा सच बोलते हैं।

         4.  The sun rises from the east.

             Suraj poorva disha se nikalta hai. सूरज पूर्व दिशा से निकलता है।

         5.  Whom do you write the letter?

       Tum kisko patra likhte ho? तुम किसको पत्र लिखते हो?

 6. I don't play in the night.
    Main raat main nahin khelti. मैं रात में नहीं खेलती।  

 7. That old lady sells vegetables in the market.
    Veh boodhi aurat baajar main sabjiyaan bechti hai. वह बूढी औरत बाजार में सब्जियां        बेचती हैं. 

Vocabulary / शब्दकोष 

to sleep - sona/सोना, to purchase - khareedna/ख़रीदना, to speak- bolna/बोलना, to rise - nikalna/ugna/निकलना/उगना, to write / likhna / लिखना, to play-khelna/खेलना, to sell- bechna/बेचना,   

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